1. Python

Python is a highly popular programming language in Vietnam, especially in software development and data science. With its simple and readable syntax, Python is convenient for both beginners and experienced programmers. Python also comes with a wide range of powerful libraries and frameworks such as NumPy, Pandas, Django, and Flask, enabling users to build diverse applications, from web development to artificial intelligence.

2. Java

Java is extensively employed in enterprise application development and web development. Java has the capability to run on multiple platforms and provides a large community and abundant documentation. Many software companies in Vietnam choose Java for their software projects, including mobile applications and computer programs.

3. JavaScript 

JavaScript is a popular client-side programming language for web application development. In Vietnam, with the growth of frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue.js, JavaScript has become an essential language in the web development community. JavaScript allows for building interactive interfaces, creating dynamic effects, and interacting with server-side data.

4. PHP

PHP is a widely used server-side programming language for web development in Vietnam. With easy integration with databases and frameworks like Laravel and Symfony, PHP is extensively employed to build dynamic websites, content management systems (CMS), and e-commerce applications.

5. C#/C++

The C and C++ languages maintain a significant presence in Vietnam, particularly in embedded software development, gaming, and system programming. With high performance and the ability to interact directly with hardware, C/C++ is often used for applications that require efficient processing and optimized computer resources.

The aforementioned programming languages are popular in Vietnam. Python, Java, C/C++, JavaScript, and PHP are widely adopted and utilized in software development and information technology fields in the country. However, this list is not exhaustive, as there are other programming languages with applications and development in Vietnam. The choice of programming language depends on the requirements and goals of a project, as well as the skills and experience of the developers.